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Sains Malaysiana
52(9)(2023):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-11
Impak Semburan Isi Padu Ultra-Rendah minyak pati Piper
aduncum L. terhadap Populasi Vektor Denggi di Kawasan Wabak dan Bukan Wabak
di Selangor, Malaysia
(The Impact of Ultra-Low Volume Spraying of Piper
aduncum L. Essential Oil against Dengue Vector Population in Outbreak and
Non-outbreak Areas in Selangor, Malaysia)
SYAMIMI
OMAR1, NORHAFIZAH KARIM1,2, NUR SHAFARAHZATIN RAMLI1 & HIDAYATULFATHI OTHMAN1,*
1Pusat Kajian Toksikologi dan Risiko
Kesihatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja
Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Jabatan Perubatan Kesihatan Awam,
Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras,
56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Received: 20 June 2023/Accepted: 28
August 2023
Abstrak
Penyelidikan
selama 16 minggu telah dijalankan untuk menilai impak semburan Isi Padu
Ultra-Rendah (ULV) minyak pati Piper aduncum ke atas populasi vektor di
lapangan dengan sipermetrin berfungsi sebagai kawalan positif. Kedua-duanya dinilai terhadap sentinel dewasa
yang diberi gula dan larva instar ke-3 Aedes aegypti di kawasan
perumahan yang mewakili kawasan wabak denggi manakala Ae. albopictus diuji di kawasan bukan wabak. Kesan minyak pati tumbuhan dan piretroid terhadap
populasi lapangan larva Ae. aegypti dipantau setiap minggu menggunakan
bekas botol. Setiap kawasan mempunyai kawasan kawalannya tersendiri yang
disembur dengan aseton 0.1% (kawalan negatif). Kesan penggunaan semburan ULV
diukur dengan indeks ovitrap (OI) dalam rumah dan luar rumah. Pengurangan OI
yang ketara diperhatikan di dalam dan di luar, di kawasan yang dirawat
berbanding dengan kawasan kawalan (p <0.05). Pengurangan OI dicapai dari
semasa ke semasa di kawasan yang dirawat terutama setiap kali selepas semburan
dilakukan. Kedua-dua ekstrak P. aduncum dan cypermethrin menunjukkan
potensi kesan membunuh terhadap nyamuk dewasa di lapangan. Menariknya minyak
pati P. aduncum menunjukkan potensi sebagai larvisid apabila memberikan
kematian 75.7% untuk luar rumah dan 48.5% untuk larva di dalam rumah selepas
semburan yang signifikan pada p<0.05. Secara kesimpulannya, minyak pati P.
aduncum yang disembur secara semburan ULV berkesan dalam memberikan impak
terhadap populasi vektor denggi dan memberikan kesan ke atas larva yang secara
tidak langsung telah menyebabkan penindasan populasi larva lapangan.
Kata
kunci: Aedes aegypti; Aedes
albopictus; kawalan vektor; Piper aduncum; semburan ULV; vektor
denggi
Abstract
A
16 weeks study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Ultra-Low Volume spray
application of Piper aduncum essential oil (EO) on vector populations
with cypermethrin serves as the positive control. Both were evaluated against
the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 3rd-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti at
a dengue outbreak residential area and Ae. albopictus was used at a
non-outbreak area. The impact of both
plant extract and pyrethroid on field populations of Ae. aegypti larvae
were monitored weekly using bottle containers. Each site has its own control
site which was sprayed with 0.1% acetone (negative control). The impact of
spray ULV application was measured using indoor and outdoor ovitrap index (OI).
Significant reductions of OI were observed both indoors and outdoors, in
treated sites compared to control sites (p < 0.05). OI reduction was
achieved over time in the treated area especially soon after the sprayings.
Both P. aduncum essential oil and cypermethrin showed potential killing
effects against adult mosquitoes in the field. Interestingly, the essential oil
of P. aduncum showed potential as a larvicide when it gave 75.7%
mortality for outdoor and 48.5% for indoor larvae after 24-hour spraying which
was significant at p<0.05. In conclusion, P. aduncum essential oil
sprayed by ULV spraying is effective in impacting the dengue vector population
and influences the larvae which has indirectly caused the suppression of the
field larval population.
Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; dengue vector; Piper aduncum;Ultra-Low
Volume spraying; vector control
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*Corresponding
author; email: hida@ukm.edu.my
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